List of foreign-language films nominated for Academy Awards

This page lists all the foreign language films which have been nominated for or won Academy Awards in categories other than the Foreign Language Film category itself. The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are among the world's oldest and most prestigious film prizes.[1] They were first handed out on May 16, 1929 by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and have been given annually ever since.[2] Even though a separate prize has existed for foreign language films since the 1956 Academy Awards, such films continue to be eligible for Academy Awards in other categories, including Best Picture, provided that they have been commercially released in Los Angeles County and that they comply with the special rules governing those categories.[3] The French comedy À Nous la Liberté (1931) was the first foreign language film to be nominated for an Academy Award; the German-language Swiss drama Marie-Louise (1944) was the first to actually win one.

Although a Los Angeles theatrical release is not required for eligibility for the Best Foreign Language Film Award itself, it is a prerequisite for consideration for Academy Awards in other categories. In the past, this had enabled some foreign language films to receive nominations over multiple years, the most recent case being that of the Italian comedy-drama Amarcord (1973). Because such films were still unreleased in Los Angeles when they were submitted to the Academy, they could only be nominated in the Foreign Language Film category. However, upon their Los Angeles release, they became eligible for other Academy Awards, and often ended up receiving nominations in various categories one year after their initial Foreign Language Film nomination. Presently, such nominations over multiple years are no longer possible since the current rules of the Academy unambiguously state that: "Films nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Award shall not be eligible for Academy Awards consideration in any category in any subsequent Awards year." This restriction, however, does not apply to submitted films that were not selected as nominees.[3] The Brazilian film City of God (2002) was thus able to receive four Academy Award nominations for the 2003 Academy Awards, even though it had failed to garner a Foreign Language Film nomination as Brazil's official submission for the 2002 Academy Awards.[4]

Contents

Winners and nominees

Foreign films are not to be confused with foreign language films. A foreign film is a motion picture produced outside the United States, regardless of the language used in its dialogue track. A foreign language film, on the other hand, is a predominantly non-English speaking motion picture, regardless of where it was produced. Although the overwhelming majority of foreign language films are foreign, this is not always the case: in recent years, for instance, several non-English speaking American films such as The Passion of the Christ (2004) or Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) have been nominated for Academy Awards (American films have never been eligible for the Best Foreign Language Film Award, even if none of the dialogue is in English). Such films are included in this list. On the other hand, foreign films where the majority of the dialogue is in English — such as the Indo-British co-production of Gandhi (1982) — are not taken into account. The article also includes films such as the Japanese anime Spirited Away (2001) that were initially released in their native country in a foreign language but were nominated by the Academy for the English-dubbed version under which they were shown in Los Angeles. The films are grouped by award category, and are arranged chronologically within each category. The years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release; the ceremonies are always held the following year. The winning films are in bold and in light blue background; the presence of an Oscar statuette indicates the official recipient of the award.

Best Picture

The Best Picture category has existed since the creation of the Academy Awards. Its name has changed several times over the years. When Grand Illusion (1937) was nominated, the name of the category was Outstanding Production; the Best Picture designation has been continuously used since the 1962 Academy Awards. Individual producers have been officially nominated for this award since the 1951 Academy Awards. Previously, the nominations went to the production companies instead.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1938
(11th)
Grand Illusion La Grande Illusion Réalisation d'art cinématographique
(production company)
France French
(some parts in German, English & Russian)
[A]
1969
(42nd)
Z Z Perrin, JacquesJacques Perrin
Rachedi, AhmedAhmed Rachedi
France
Algeria
French [5]
1972
(45th)
The Emigrants Utvandrarna Forslund, BengtBengt Forslund Sweden Swedish [6]
1973
(46th)
Cries and Whispers Viskningar och rop Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden Swedish
1995
(68th)
The Postman (Il Postino) Il postino Cecchi Gori, MarioMario Cecchi Gori
Cecchi Gori, VittorioVittorio Cecchi Gori
Daniele, GaetanoGaetano Daniele
Italy Italian
(some parts in Spanish)
1998
(71st)
Life Is Beautiful La vita è bella Ferri, EldaElda Ferri
Braschi, GianluigiGianluigi Braschi
Italy Italian
(some parts in German & English)
[7]
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Kong, BillBill Kong
Kong, Hsu LiHsu Li Kong
Lee, AngAng Lee
Taiwan Mandarin [5]
2006
(79th)
Letters from Iwo Jima Letters from Iwo Jima
(English)
Iô-Jima kara no tegami
硫黄島からの手紙
(Japanese)
Eastwood, ClintClint Eastwood
Spielberg, StevenSteven Spielberg
Lorenz, RobertRobert Lorenz
United States Japanese
(some parts in English)
[8]

Acting Awards

Animated Feature Film

The Animated Feature Film category has existed since the 2001 Academy Awards. The intended recipient(s) of this award must be designated by those responsible for the production of the film. Agreement on the designated recipient(s) has to be settled prior to the film's submission to the Academy. Unlike other Academy Awards, the Best Animated Feature Film Award therefore does not always go to the same crew member. However, the person(s) to whom it is given must always be "the key creative individual most clearly responsible for the overall achievement or a two-person team with shared and equal directing credit".[9]

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
2002
(75th)
Spirited Away Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi
千と千尋の神隠し
Miyazaki, HayaoHayao Miyazaki
(director & writer)
Japan Japanese
(nominated for its English-dubbed version)
2003
(76th)
The Triplets of Belleville Les Triplettes de Belleville Chomet, SylvainSylvain Chomet
(director & writer)
France
Belgium
Canada
United Kingdom
French
2005
(78th)
Howl's Moving Castle Hauru no ugoku shiro
ハウルの動く城
Miyazaki, HayaoHayao Miyazaki
(director, writer & executive producer)
Japan Japanese
(nominated for its English-dubbed version)
2007
(80th)
Persepolis Persépolis Satrapi, MarjaneMarjane Satrapi
Paronnaud, VincentVincent Paronnaud
(codirectors & cowriters)
France French
(some parts in English, Persian & German)
[10]
2010
(83rd)
The Illusionist L'Illusionniste Chomet, SylvainSylvain Chomet
(director & writer)
France French
(some parts in English and Gaelic)

Art Direction

The Art Direction category has existed since the creation of the Academy Awards. Until 1939, only one award was given. From 1940 till 1966, two awards were given, one for black-and-white films, the other for color films. The two awards were briefly merged at the 1957 and 1958 Academy Awards, and were permanently combined once again in a single category starting 1967. All the foreign language films that were nominated for the Art Direction Award between 1940 and 1966 received their nomination in the Black-and-White category, with the exception of Juliet of the Spirits (1965), which was nominated in the Color category.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1931
1932
(5th)
À Nous la Liberté À nous la liberté Meerson, LazareLazare Meerson France French [A]
1951
(24th)
La Ronde La Ronde Eaubonne D'Eaubonne France French [A]
1952
(25th)
Rashomon Rashômon
羅生門
Matsuyama, Matsuyama
(art direction)
Motsumoto, H.H. Motsumoto
(set decoration)
Japan Japanese [D]
1954
(27th)
Le Plaisir Le Plaisir Ophüls, MaxMax Ophüls France French [A]
1956
(29th)
Seven Samurai Shichinin no samurai
七人の侍
Matsuyama, Matsuyama
(nominated as Takashi Matsuyama)
Japan Japanese
1961
(34th)
La Dolce Vita La dolce vita Gherardi, PieroPiero Gherardi Italy Italian
(some parts in English, French & German)
1963
(36th)
Federico Fellini's 8½ Gherardi, PieroPiero Gherardi Italy Italian
(some parts in English, French & German)
[5]
1966
(39th)
The Gospel According to St. Matthew Il Vangelo secondo Matteo Scaccianoce, LuigiLuigi Scaccianoce Italy
France
Italian
1966
(39th)
Juliet of the Spirits Giulietta degli spiriti Gherardi, PieroPiero Gherardi Italy
France
Germany (West)
Italian
1968
(41st)
War and Peace Voyna i mir
Война и мир
Bogdanov, MikhailMikhail Bogdanov
Myasnikov, GennadyGennady Myasnikov
(art direction)
Koshelev, G.G. Koshelev
Uvarov, V.V. Uvarov
(set decoration)
Soviet Union Russian [5]
1980
(53rd)
Kagemusha (The Shadow Warrior) Kagemusha
影武者
Muraki, YoshirōYoshirō Muraki Japan Japanese [11]
1982
(55th)
La Traviata La Traviata Zeffirelli, FrancoFranco Zeffirelli
(art direction)
Quaranta, GianniGianni Quaranta
(set decoration)
Italy
France
Italian
1983
(56th)
Fanny & Alexander Fanny och Alexander Asp, AnnaAnna Asp
Sweden
France
Germany (West)
Swedish
(some parts in German, Yiddish & English)
[5]
1985
(58th)
Ran Ran
Muraki, YoshirōYoshirō Muraki
Muraki, ShinobuShinobu Muraki
(art direction)
Japan Japanese [12]
1990
(63rd)
Cyrano de Bergerac Cyrano de Bergerac Frigerio, EzioEzio Frigerio
(art direction)
Jacques Rouxel
(set decoration)
France French [11]
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Yip, TimTim Yip
Taiwan Mandarin [5]
2001
(74th)
Amélie Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain Bonetto, AlineAline Bonetto
(art direction)
Valla, Marie-LaureMarie-Laure Valla
(set decoration)
France
Germany
French [11]
2004
(77th)
A Very Long Engagement Un long dimanche de fiançailles Bonetto, AlineAline Bonetto
(art direction)
France
United States
French
(some parts in German)
2006
(79th)
Pan's Labyrinth El laberinto del fauno Caballero, EugenioEugenio Caballero
(art direction)
Revuelta, PilarPilar Revuelta
(set decoration)
Spain
Mexico
Spanish [11]

Cinematography

The Cinematography category has existed since the creation of the Academy Awards. Until 1938, only one award was given. From 1939 till 1966, two awards were given, one for black-and-white films, the other for color films. The two awards were briefly merged at the 1957 Academy Awards, and were permanently combined once again in a single category starting 1967. However, since foreign language films were not nominated for the Cinematography Award prior to the 1973 Academy Awards, they were unaffected by the splits and mergers that took place in this category.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1973
(46th)
Cries and Whispers Viskningar och rop Nykvist, SvenSven Nykvist
Sweden Swedish
1982
(55th)
Das Boot Das Boot Vacano, JostJost Vacano Germany (West) German
(some parts in French & English)
1983
(56th)
Fanny & Alexander Fanny och Alexander Nykvist, SvenSven Nykvist
Sweden
France
Germany (West)
Swedish
(some parts in German, Yiddish & English)
[5]
1985
(58th)
Ran Ran
Saito, TakaoTakao Saito
Ueda, MasaharuMasaharu Ueda
Nakai, AsakazuAsakazu Nakai
Japan Japanese [12]
1993
(66th)
Farewell My Concubine Bàwáng Bié Jī
(pinyin)
霸王別姬
(traditional Chinese)
霸王别姬
(simplified Chinese)
Gu Changwei China
Hong Kong
Mandarin [11]
1994
(67th)
Red Trois Couleurs: Rouge Sobocinski, PiotrPiotr Sobocinski France
Switzerland
Poland
French
1995
(68th)
Shanghai Triad Yáo a yáo, yáo dào wàipó qiáo
(pinyin)
摇呀摇,摇到外婆橋
(traditional Chinese)
摇啊摇,摇到外婆桥
(simplified Chinese)
Lü Yue China Mandarin
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Pau, PeterPeter Pau
Taiwan Mandarin [5]
2000
(73rd)
Malèna Malena Koltai, LajosLajos Koltai Italy Italian
(some parts in Sicilian, English & Latin)
2001
(74th)
Amélie Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain Delbonnel, BrunoBruno Delbonnel France
Germany
French [11]
2003
(76th)
City of God Cidade de Deus Charlone, CésarCésar Charlone Brazil
France
United States
Portuguese [13]
2004
(77th)
House of Flying Daggers Shí miàn mái fú
(pinyin)
十面埋伏
(Chinese)
Zhao Xiaoding China
Hong Kong
Mandarin
2004
(77th)
The Passion of the Christ The Passion of the Christ Deschanel, CalebCaleb Deschanel United States Aramaic
(some parts in Latin & Hebrew)
[14]
2004
(77th)
A Very Long Engagement Un long dimanche de fiançailles Delbonnel, BrunoBruno Delbonnel France
United States
French
(some parts in German)
2006
(79th)
Pan's Labyrinth El laberinto del fauno Navarro, GuillermoGuillermo Navarro Spain
Mexico
Spanish [11]
2007
(80th)
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly Le Scaphandre et le Papillon Kamiński, JanuszJanusz Kamiński France
United States
French [15]
2009
(82nd)
The White Ribbon Das weiße Band Berger, ChristianChristian Berger Germany German

Costume Design

The Costume Design category has existed since the 1948 Academy Awards. Until 1966, two awards were given, one for black-and-white films, the other for color films. The two awards were briefly merged at the 1957 and 1958 Academy Awards, and were permanently combined once again in a single category starting 1967. All the foreign language films that were nominated for the Costume Design Award between 1948 and 1966 received their nomination in the Black-and-White category, with the exception of Gate of Hell (1953) and Juliet of the Spirits (1965), which were nominated in the Color category.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1954
(27th)
The Earrings of Madame de... Madame de... Annenkov, GeorgesGeorges Annenkov
Delamare, RosineRosine Delamare
France French [A]
1954
(27th)
Gate of Hell Jigokumon
地獄門
Wada, SanzoSanzo Wada
Japan Japanese [F]
1955
(28th)
Ugetsu Ugetsu monogatari
雨月物語
Kainosho, TadaotoTadaoto Kainosho Japan Japanese [A]
1956
(29th)
Seven Samurai Shichinin no samurai
七人の侍
Ezaki, KoheiKohei Ezaki Japan Japanese
1960
(33rd)
The Virgin Spring Jungfrukällan Vos, MarikMarik Vos Sweden Swedish
(some parts in German)
[5]
1961
(34th)
La Dolce Vita La dolce vita Gherardi, PieroPiero Gherardi
Italy Italian
(some parts in English, French & German)
1961
(34th)
Yojimbo Yojimbo
用心棒
Muraki, YoshirōYoshirō Muraki Japan Japanese
1963
(36th)
Federico Fellini's 8½ Gherardi, PieroPiero Gherardi
Italy Italian
(some parts in English, French & German)
[5]
1966
(39th)
The Gospel According to St. Matthew Il Vangelo secondo Matteo Donati, DaniloDanilo Donati Italy
France
Italian
1966
(39th)
The Mandrake The Mandrake Donati, DaniloDanilo Donati Italy
France
Italian
1966
(39th)
Juliet of the Spirits Giulietta degli spiriti Gherardi, PieroPiero Gherardi Italy
France
Germany (West)
Italian
1973
(46th)
Cries and Whispers Viskningar och rop Vos, MarikMarik Vos Sweden Swedish
1973
(46th)
Ludwig Ludwig Tosi, PieroPiero Tosi Italy
France
Germany (West)
Italian
(some parts in German & French)
1975
(48th)
The Magic Flute Trollflöjten Noremark, HennyHenny Noremark
Erskine, KarinKarin Erskine
Sweden Swedish [16]
1976
(49th)
Fellini's Casanova Il Casanova di Federico Fellini Donati, DaniloDanilo Donati Italy
United States
Italian
(Some parts in French, German, English, Czech, Latin & Hungarian)
1979
(52nd)
La Cage aux Folles La Cage aux folles Tosi, PieroPiero Tosi
Danon, AmbraAmbra Danon
France French
1982
(55th)
La Traviata La Traviata Tosi, PieroPiero Tosi Italy
France
Italian
1983
(56th)
Fanny & Alexander Fanny och Alexander Vos, MarikMarik Vos
Sweden
France
Germany (West)
Swedish
(some parts in German, Yiddish & English)
[5]
1983
(56th)
The Return of Martin Guerre Le Retour de Martin Guerre Marchand, Anne-MarieAnne-Marie Marchand France French
1985
(58th)
Ran Ran
Wada, EmiEmi Wada
Japan Japanese [12]
1986
(59th)
Otello Otello Anni, AnnaAnna Anni
Millenotti, MaurizioMaurizio Millenotti
Italy Italian
1990
(63rd)
Cyrano de Bergerac Cyrano de Bergerac Squarciapino, FrancaFranca Squarciapino
France French [11]
1991
(64th)
Madame Bovary Madame Bovary Jorry, CorinneCorinne Jorry France French
1994
(67th)
Queen Margot La Reine Margot Bickel, MoideleMoidele Bickel France French
(some parts in Italian)
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Yip, TimTim Yip Taiwan Mandarin [5]
2006
(79th)
Curse of the Golden Flower Mǎnchéng Jìndài Huángjīnjiǎ
(pinyin)
滿城盡帶黃金甲
(traditional Chinese)
满城尽带黄金甲
(simplified Chinese)
Yee Chung-Man China
Hong Kong
Mandarin [17]
2007
(80th)
La Vie en Rose La Môme Allen, MaritMarit Allen France
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
French
(some parts in English)
[18]
2009
(82nd)
Coco Before Chanel Coco avant Chanel Leterrier, CatherineCatherine Leterrier France French
[19]
2010
(83rd)
I Am Love Io sono l'amore Cannarozzi, AntonellaAntonella Cannarozzi Italy Italian
[20]

Directing

The Directing category has existed since the creation of the Academy Awards. Lina Wertmüller's nomination for Seven Beauties (1976) made her the first-ever woman to be nominated for the Directing Award and the only one ever nominated for a foreign language film.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient Country of production Language(s) Notes
1961
(34th)
La Dolce Vita La dolce vita Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini Italy Italian
(some parts in English, French & German)
1962
(35th)
Divorce — Italian Style Divorzio all'italiana Germi, PietroPietro Germi Italy Italian
1963
(36th)
Federico Fellini's 8½ Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini Italy Italian
(some parts in English, French & German)
[5]
1965
(38th)
Woman in the Dunes Suna no onna
砂の女
Teshigahara, HiroshiHiroshi Teshigahara Japan Japanese [6]
1966
(39th)
A Man and a Woman Un homme et une femme Lelouch, ClaudeClaude Lelouch France French [5]
1968
(41st)
The Battle of Algiers La battaglia di Algeri
(Italian)
La Bataille d'Alger
(French)
Pontecorvo, GilloGillo Pontecorvo Italy French
(some parts in Arabic, Italian & English)
[21]
1969
(42nd)
Z Z Costa-Gavras, Costa-Gavras France
Algeria
French [5]
1970
(43rd)
Fellini Satyricon Satyricon Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini Italy
France
Italian
(some parts in Latin)
[22]
1972
(45th)
The Emigrants Utvandrarna Troell, JanJan Troell Sweden Swedish [6]
1973
(46th)
Cries and Whispers Viskningar och rop Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden Swedish
1974
(47th)
Day for Night La Nuit américaine Truffaut, FrançoisFrançois Truffaut France
Italy
French
(some parts in English)
[23]
1975
(48th)
Amarcord Amarcord Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini Italy Italian
(some parts in Romagnolo)
[23]
1976
(49th)
Face to Face Ansikte mot ansikte Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden Swedish
1976
(49th)
Seven Beauties Pasqualino Settebellezze Wertmüller, LinaLina Wertmüller Italy Italian [11]
1979
(52nd)
La Cage aux Folles La Cage aux folles Molinaro, ÉdouardÉdouard Molinaro France French
1982
(55th)
Das Boot Das Boot Petersen, WolfgangWolfgang Petersen Germany (West) German
(some parts in French & English)
1983
(56th)
Fanny & Alexander Fanny och Alexander Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden
France
Germany (West)
Swedish
(some parts in German, Yiddish & English)
[5]
1985
(58th)
Ran Ran
Kurosawa, AkiraAkira Kurosawa Japan Japanese [12]
1987
(60th)
My Life As a Dog Mitt liv som hund Hallström, LasseLasse Hallström Sweden Swedish
1994
(67th)
Red Trois Couleurs: Rouge Kieślowski, KrzysztofKrzysztof Kieślowski France
Switzerland
Poland
French
1995
(68th)
The Postman (Il Postino) Il postino Radford, MichaelMichael Radford Italy Italian
(some parts in Spanish)
1998
(71st)
Life Is Beautiful La vita è bella Benigni, RobertoRoberto Benigni Italy Italian
(some parts in German & English)
[7]
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Lee, AngAng Lee Taiwan Mandarin [5]
2002
(75th)
Talk to Her Hable con ella Almodóvar, PedroPedro Almodóvar Spain Spanish
2003
(76th)
City of God Cidade de Deus Meirelles, FernandoFernando Meirelles Brazil
France
United States
Portuguese [13]
2006
(79th)
Letters from Iwo Jima Letters from Iwo Jima
(English)
Iô-Jima kara no tegami
硫黄島からの手紙
(Japanese)
Eastwood, ClintClint Eastwood United States Japanese
(some parts in English)
[8]
2007
(80th)
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly Le Scaphandre et le Papillon Schnabel, JulianJulian Schnabel France
United States
French [15]

Film Editing

The Film Editing category has existed since the 1934 Academy Awards.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient Country of production Language(s) Notes
1969
(42nd)
Z Z Bonnot, FrançoiseFrançoise Bonnot
France
Algeria
French [5]
1982
(55th)
Das Boot Das Boot Nikel, HannesHannes Nikel Germany (West) German
(some parts in French & English)
1998
(71st)
Life Is Beautiful La vita è bella Paggi, SimonaSimona Paggi Italy Italian
(some parts in German & English)
[7]
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Squyres, TimTim Squyres Taiwan Mandarin [5]
2003
(76th)
City of God Cidade de Deus Rezende, DanielDaniel Rezende Brazil
France
United States
Portuguese [13]
2007
(80th)
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly Le Scaphandre et le Papillon Welfling, JulietteJuliette Welfling France
United States
French [15]

Foreign Language Film

Makeup

The Makeup category has existed since the 1981 Academy Awards. No award was handed out at the 1983 Academy Awards.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1982
(55th)
Quest for Fire La Guerre du feu Burke, MichèleMichèle Burke
Monzani, SarahSarah Monzani
France
Canada
Special prehistoric languages created by Anthony Burgess (combined with body language and gestures created by Desmond Morris)
1990
(63rd)
Cyrano de Bergerac Cyrano de Bergerac Burke, MichèleMichèle Burke
Eychenne, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Eychenne
France French [11]
2004
(77th)
The Passion of the Christ The Passion of the Christ Vanderlaan, KeithKeith Vanderlaan
Tinsley, ChristienChristien Tinsley
United States Aramaic
(some parts in Latin & Hebrew)
[14]
2004
(77th)
The Sea Inside Mar Adentro Allen, JoJo Allen
García, ManuelManuel García
Spain
France
Italy
Spanish
(some parts in Catalan & Galician)
[24]
2006
(79th)
Apocalypto Apocalypto Signoretti, AldoAldo Signoretti
Sodano, VittorioVittorio Sodano
United States Yucatec Maya [25]
2006
(79th)
Pan's Labyrinth El laberinto del fauno Martí, DavidDavid Martí
Ribé, MontseMontse Ribé
Spain
Mexico
Spanish [11]
2007
(80th)
La Vie en Rose La Môme Lavergne, DidierDidier Lavergne
Archibald, JanJan Archibald
France
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
French
(some parts in English)
[18]
2009
(82nd)
Il Divo Il Divo Signoretti, AldoAldo Signoretti
Sodano, VittorioVittorio Sodano
Italy
France
Italian [26]

Music (Scoring)

The Music (Scoring) category.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1961
(34th)
Khovanshchina Khovanshchina
Хованщина
Shostakovich, DimitriDimitri Shostakovich
(Scoring of a Musical Picture)
Soviet Union Russian
1963
(36th)
Sundays and Cybele Les Dimanches de Ville d'Avray Jarre, MauriceMaurice Jarre
(Scoring of Music — adaptation or treatment)
France French
1965
(38th)
The Umbrellas of Cherbourg Les Parapluies de Cherbourg Legrand, MichelMichel Legrand
Demy, JacquesJacques Demy
(Music Score — substantially original)
France French
1965
(38th)
The Umbrellas of Cherbourg Les Parapluies de Cherbourg Legrand, MichelMichel Legrand
(Scoring of Music — adaptation or treatment)
France French
1966
(39th)
The Gospel According to St. Matthew Il Vangelo secondo Matteo Bacalov, Luis EnriqueLuis Enrique Bacalov
(Scoring of Music — adaptation or treatment)
Italy
France
Italian
1968
(41st)
The Young Girls of Rochefort Les Demoiselles de Rochefort Legrand, MichelMichel Legrand
(Music and adaptation score)
Demy, JacquesJacques Demy
(Lyrics)
France French
(some parts in English)
1970
(43rd)
Sunflower I girasoli Mancini, HenryHenry Mancini
(Original Score)
Italy
France
Italian
(some parts in English)
1971
(44th)
Tchaikovsky Chaykovskiy
Чайковский
Tiomkin, DimitriDimitri Tiomkin
(Adaptation Score)
Soviet Union Russian
1995
(68th)
The Postman (Il Postino) Il postino Bacalov, Luis EnriqueLuis Enrique Bacalov
(Original Dramatic Score)
Italy Italian
(some parts in Spanish)
1998
(71st)
Life Is Beautiful La vita è bella Piovani, NicolaNicola Piovani
(Original Dramatic Score)
Italy Italian
(some parts in German & English)
[7]
1999
(72nd)
The Red Violin Le Violon rouge Corigliano, JohnJohn Corigliano
(Original Score)
Canada
Italy
Multilingual
(English, French, German, Italian & Mandarin)
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Tan Dun
(Original Score)
Taiwan Mandarin [5]
2000
(73rd)
Malèna Malena Morricone, EnnioEnnio Morricone
(Original Score)
Italy Italian
(some parts in Sicilian, English & Latin)
2004
(77th)
The Passion of the Christ The Passion of the Christ Debney, JohnJohn Debney
(Original Score)
United States Aramaic
(some parts in Latin & Hebrew)
[14]
2006
(79th)
Pan's Labyrinth El laberinto del fauno Navarrete, JavierJavier Navarrete
(Original Score)
Spain
Mexico
Spanish [11]
2007
(80th)
The Kite Runner The Kite Runner Iglesias, AlbertoAlberto Iglesias
(Original Score)
United States Dari
(some parts in English, Pashtu, Urdu & Russian)

Music (Song)

The Music (Song) category has existed since the 1934 Academy Awards. Its name was changed from Song to Original Song starting 1975 onwards. The designation Song — Original for the Picture had previously been used between 1968 and 1972.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Song Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1965
(38th)
The Umbrellas of Cherbourg Les Parapluies de Cherbourg "I Will Wait For You" Legrand, MichelMichel Legrand
(Music)
Demy, JacquesJacques Demy
(Lyrics)
Gimbel, NormanNorman Gimbel
(English Lyrics)
France French
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
"A Love Before Time" Calandrelli, JorgeJorge Calandrelli
Tan Dun
(Music)
Schamus, JamesJames Schamus
(Lyric)
Taiwan Mandarin
2003
(76th)
The Triplets of Belleville Les Triplettes de Belleville "Belleville Rendez-vous" Charest, BenoîtBenoît Charest
(Music)
Chomet, SylvainSylvain Chomet
(Lyric)
France
Belgium
Canada
United Kingdom
French
2004
(77th)
The Motorcycle Diaries Diarios de motocicleta "Al Otro Lado Del Río" Drexler, JorgeJorge Drexler
(Music & Lyric)
 International co-production Spanish
(some parts in Quechua)
2004
(77th)
The Chorus (Les Choristes) Les Choristes "Look To Your Path (Vois Sur Ton Chemin)" Coulais, BrunoBruno Coulais
(Music)
Barratier, ChristopheChristophe Barratier
(Lyric)
France
Switzerland
Germany
French
2008
(81st)
Slumdog Millionaire Slumdog Millionaire "Jai Ho" Rahman, A. R.A. R. Rahman
(Music)
Gulzar
(Lyric)
United Kingdom Hindi
2009
(82nd)
Paris 36 Faubourg 36 "Loin de Paname" Wagner, ReinhardtReinhardt Wagner
(Music)
Thomas, FrankFrank Thomas
(Lyric)
France
Germany
Czech Republic
French

Sound Mixing

The Sound category has existed since 1930.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1982
(55th)
Das Boot Das Boot Bor, MilanMilan Bor
Pyke, TrevorTrevor Pyke
Le-Mare, MikeMike Le-Mare
Germany (West) German
(some parts in French & English)
2001
(74th)
Amélie Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain Arnardi, VincentVincent Arnardi
Leriche, GuillaumeGuillaume Leriche
Umansky, JeanJean Umansky
France
Germany
French
2006
(79th)
Apocalypto Apocalypto O'Connell, KevinKevin O'Connell
Russell, GregGreg Russell
Cámara, FernandoFernando Cámara
United States Mayan

Sound Editing

The Sound Editing category has existed since 1963.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1982
(55th)
Das Boot Das Boot Le-Mare, MikeMike Le-Mare Germany (West) German
(some parts in French & English)
2006
(79th)
Apocalypto Apocalypto Asgar, KamiKami Asgar
McCormack, SeanSean McCormack
United States Mayan
2006
(79th)
Letters from Iwo Jima Letters from Iwo Jima Asman, BubBub Asman
Alan Robert Murray
United States Japanese
(some parts in English)

Writing (Adapted Screenplay)

The Adapted Screenplay category has existed since the creation of the awards.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1946
(19th)
Open City Roma, città aperta Amidei, SergioSergio Amidei
Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Italy Italian
(Some parts in German)
1949
(22nd)
The Bicycle Thief Ladri di biciclette Zavattini, CesareCesare Zavattini Italy Italian
1951
(24th)
La Ronde La Ronde Natanson, JacquesJacques Natanson
Ophüls, MaxMax Ophüls
France French
1963
(36th)
Sundays and Cybele Les Dimanches de Ville d'Avray Bourguignon, SergeSerge Bourguignon
Eschassériaux, BernardBernard Eschassériaux
France French
1969
(42nd)
Z Z Costa-Gavras, Costa-Gavras
Semprún, JorgeJorge Semprún
France
Algeria
French
1971
(44th)
The Conformist Il conformista Bertolucci, BernardoBernardo Bertolucci Italy
France
Germany (West)
Italian
(Some parts in French & Latin)
1971
(44th)
The Garden of the Finzi Continis Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini Bonicelli, VittorioVittorio Bonicelli
Pirro, UgoUgo Pirro
Italy
Germany (West)
Italian
1972
(45th)
The Emigrants Utvandrarna Forslund, BengtBengt Forslund
Troell, JanJan Troell
Sweden Swedish
1975
(48th)
Scent of a Woman Profumo di donna Maccari, RuggeroRuggero Maccari
Risi, DinoDino Risi
Italy Italian
1976
(49th)
Fellini's Casanova Il Casanova di Federico Fellini Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Zapponi, BernardinoBernardino Zapponi
Italy
United States
Italian
(Some parts in French, German, English, Czech, Latin & Hungarian)
1977
(50th)
That Obscure Object of Desire Cet obscur objet du désir
(French)
Ese oscuro objeto del deseo
(Spanish)
Buñuel, LuisLuis Buñuel
Carrière, Jean-ClaudeJean-Claude Carrière
France
Spain
French
(Some parts in Spanish)
1979
(52nd)
La Cage aux Folles La Cage aux folles Danon, MarcelloMarcello Danon
Molinaro, ÉdouardÉdouard Molinaro
Poiret, JeanJean Poiret
Veber, FrancisFrancis Veber
France French
1982
(55th)
Das Boot Das Boot Petersen, WolfgangWolfgang Petersen Germany (West) German
(some parts in French & English)
1987
(60th)
My Life As a Dog Mitt liv som hund Brännström, BrasseBrasse Brännström
Berglund, PerPer Berglund
Hallström, LasseLasse Hallström
Jönsson, ReidarReidar Jönsson
Sweden Swedish
1991
(64th)
Europa Europa Hitlerjunge Salomon Holland, AgnieszkaAgnieszka Holland Germany
France
Poland
Germany
(some parts in Russian, Polish & Hebrew)
1995
(68th)
The Postman (Il Postino) Il postino Pavignano, AnnaAnna Pavignano
Radford, MichaelMichael Radford
Scarpelli, FurioFurio Scarpelli
Scarpelli, GiacomoGiacomo Scarpelli
Troisi, MassimoMassimo Troisi
Italy Italian
(some parts in Spanish)
2000
(73rd)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wòhǔ Cánglóng
(pinyin)
臥虎藏龍
(traditional Chinese)
卧虎藏龙
(simplified Chinese)
Schamus, JamesJames Schamus
Kuo Jung Tsai
Hui-Ling Wang
Taiwan Mandarin
2003
(76th)
City of God Cidade de Deus Mantovani, BráulioBráulio Mantovani Brazil
France
United States
Portuguese
2004
(77th)
The Motorcycle Diaries Diarios de motocicleta José Rivera  International co-production Spanish
(some parts in Quechua)

Writing (Original Screenplay)

The Original Screenplay category has existed since 1940.

Year Film title used in nomination Original title Award recipient(s) Country of production Language(s) Notes
1945
(18th)
Marie-Louise Marie-Louise Schweizer, RichardRichard Schweizer Switzerland Swiss German
1946
(19th)
Children of Paradise Les Enfants du Paradis Prévert, JacquesJacques Prévert France French
1947
(20th)
Shoeshine Sciuscià Amidei, SergioSergio Amidei
Franci, AdolfoAdolfo Franci
Viola, Cesare GiulioCesare Giulio Viola
Zavattini, CesareCesare Zavattini
Rossellini, RobertoRoberto Rossellini
Italy Italian
1949
(22nd)
Paisà Paisà Hayes, AlfredAlfred Hayes
Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Amidei, SergioSergio Amidei
Pagliero, MarcelloMarcello Pagliero
Rossellini, RobertoRoberto Rossellini
Italy Italian
1955
(28th)
Mr. Hulot's Holiday Les Vacances de monsieur Hulot Tati, JacquesJacques Tati
Marquet, HenriHenri Marquet
France French
1956
(29th)
The Red Balloon Le Ballon rouge Lamorisse, AlbertAlbert Lamorisse France French
1956
(29th)
La Strada La strada Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Pinelli, TullioTullio Pinelli
Italy Italian
1957
(30th)
I Vitelloni I vitelloni Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Flaiano, EnnioEnnio Flaiano
Pinelli, TullioTullio Pinelli
Italy
France
Italian
1959
(32nd)
The 400 Blows Les Quatre Cents Coups Truffaut, FrançoisFrançois Truffaut
Moussy, MarcelMarcel Moussy
France French
1959
(32nd)
Wild Strawberries Smultronstället Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden Swedish
Latin
1960
(33rd)
Hiroshima Mon Amour Hiroshima mon amour Duras, MargueriteMarguerite Duras France
Japan
French
Japanese
English
1961
(34th)
Ballad of a Soldier Баллада о солдате Yoshov, ValentinValentin Yoshov
Chukhrai, GrigoriGrigori Chukhrai
Soviet Union Russian
1961
(34th)
La Dolce Vita La dolce vita Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Flaiano, EnnioEnnio Flaiano
Pinelli, TullioTullio Pinelli
Rondi, BrunelloBrunello Rondi
Italy
France
Italian
English
French
German
1961
(34th)
General della Rovere Il generale della Rovere Amidei, SergioSergio Amidei
Fabbi, DiegoDiego Fabbi
Montanelli, IndroIndro Montanelli
Italy
France
Italian
German
1962
(35th)
Divorce, Italian Style Divorzio all'italiana de Concini, EnnioEnnio de Concini
Germi, PietroPietro Germi
Giannetti, AlfredoAlfredo Giannetti
Italy Italian
1962
(35th)
Last Year at Marienbad L'Année dernière à Marienbad Robbe-Grillet, AlainAlain Robbe-Grillet France French
1962
(35th)
Through a Glass Darkly Såsom i en spegel Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden Swedish
1963
(36th)
Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Flaiano, EnnioEnnio Flaiano
Pinelli, TullioTullio Pinelli
Rondi, BrunelloBrunello Rondi
Italy Italian
English
French
German
1963
(36th)
The Four Days of Naples Le Quattro giornate di Napoli Festa Campanile, PascualPascual Festa Campanile
Franciosa, MassimoMassimo Franciosa
Loy, NannyNanny Loy
Pratolini, VascoVasco Pratolini
Bernari, CarloCarlo Bernari
Italy Italian
1964
(37th)
The Organizer I compagni Incrocci, AgenoriAgenori Incrocci
Scarpelli, FurioFurio Scarpelli
Monicelli, MarioMario Monicelli
Italy Italian
1964
(37th)
That Man From Rio L'Homme de Rio Rappeneau, Jean PaulJean Paul Rappeneau
Mnouchkine, ArianeAriane Mnouchkine
Boulanger, DanielDaniel Boulanger
de Broca, PhilippePhilippe de Broca
France
Italy
French
1965
(38th)
Casanova 70 Casanova 70 Incrocci, AgenoriAgenori Incrocci
Scarpelli, FurioFurio Scarpelli
Monicelli, MarioMario Monicelli
Guerra, ToninoTonino Guerra
Salvioni, GiorgioGiorgio Salvioni
Checchi d'Amico, SusoSuso Checchi d'Amico
Italy Italian
1965
(38th)
The Umbrellas of Cherbourg Les Parapluies de Cherbourg Demy, JacquesJacques Demy France French
1966
(39th)
A Man and a Woman Un homme et une femme Lelouch, ClaudeClaude Lelouch France French
1967
(40th)
The War is Over La guerre est finie Semprún, JorgeJorge Semprún France French
1968
(41st)
The Battle of Algiers La battaglia di Algeri Solinas, FrancoFranco Solinas
Pontecorvo, GilloGillo Pontecorvo
Italy
Algeria
French
Arabic
1969
(42nd)
The Damned La caduta degli dei Baddaluco, NicolaNicola Baddaluco
Medioli, EnricoEnrico Medioli
Visconti, LuchinoLuchino Visconti
Italy
Germany (West)
Italian
German
1970
(43rd)
My Night at Maud's Ma nuit chez Maud Rohmer, ÉricÉric Rohmer France French
1971
(44th)
Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion Indagine su un cittadino al di sopra di ogni sospetto Petri, ElioElio Petri
Pirro, UgoUgo Pirro
Italy Italian
1972
(45th)
The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie Buñuel, LuisLuis Buñuel
Carrière, Jean-ClaudeJean-Claude Carrière
France
Italy
Spain
French
(Some parts in Spanish)
1972
(45th)
Murmur of the Heart Le souffle au coeur Malle, LouisLouis Malle France
Italy
Germany (West)
French
1973
(46th)
Cries and Whispers Viskningar och rop Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden Swedish
1974
(47th)
Day for Night La Nuit américaine Truffaut, FrançoisFrançois Truffaut
Richard, Jean-LouisJean-Louis Richard
Schiffman, SuzanneSuzanne Schiffman
France
Italy
French
(some parts in English)
[23]
1975
(48th)
Amarcord Amarcord Fellini, FedericoFederico Fellini
Guerra, ToninoTonino Guerra
Italy Italian
(some parts in Romagnolo)
[23]
1975
(48th)
And Now My Love Toute une vie Lelouch, ClaudeClaude Lelouch
Uytterhoeven, PierrePierre Uytterhoeven
France
Italy
French
(some parts in English)
1976
(49th)
Cousin, Cousine Cousin cousine Tacchella, Jean-CharlesJean-Charles Tacchella
Thompson, DanieleDaniele Thompson
France French
1976
(49th)
Seven Beauties Pasqualino Settebellezze Wertmüller, LinaLina Wertmüller Italy Italian
(some parts in German)
1978
(51st)
Autumn Sonata Höstsonaten Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman France
Germany (West)
Sweden
Swedish
(some parts in English)
1980
(53rd)
Mon Oncle D'Amerique Mon oncle d'Amérique Gruault, JeanJean Gruault France French
1983
(56th)
Fanny & Alexander Fanny och Alexander Bergman, IngmarIngmar Bergman Sweden
France
Germany (West)
Swedish
(some parts in German, Yiddish & English)
1984
(57th)
El Norte El Norte Nava, GregoryGregory Nava
Thomas, AnnaAnna Thomas
United States
United Kingdom
Spanish
(some parts in Maya & English)
1985
(58th)
The Official Story La historia oficial Bortnick, AídaAída Bortnick
Puenzo, LuisLuis Puenzo
Argentina Spanish
(some parts in English)
1987
(60th)
Au Revoir Les Enfants (Goodbye, Children) Au revoir, les enfants Malle, LouisLouis Malle France
Germany (West)
French
(some parts in German & English)
1994
(67th)
Red Trois Couleurs: Rouge Kieślowski, KrzysztofKrzysztof Kieślowski
Piesiewicz, KrzysztofKrzysztof Piesiewicz
France
Switzerland
Poland
French
1998
(71st)
Life Is Beautiful La vita è bella Benigni, RobertoRoberto Benigni
Cerami, VincenzoVincenzo Cerami
Italy Italian
(some parts in German & English)
2001
(74th)
Amélie Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain Jeunet, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Jeunet
Laurent, GuillaumeGuillaume Laurent
France
Germany
French
2002
(75th)
Talk to Her Hable con ella Almodóvar, PedroPedro Almodóvar Spain Spanish
2002
(75th)
Y Tu Mamá También Y tu mamá también Cuarón, AlfonsoAlfonso Cuarón
Cuarón, CarlosCarlos Cuarón
Mexico Spanish
2003
(76th)
The Barbarian Invasions Les Invasions barbares Arcand, DenysDenys Arcand Canada
France
French
(some parts in English)
2006
(79th)
Letters from Iwo Jima Letters from Iwo Jima
(English)
Iô-Jima kara no tegami
硫黄島からの手紙
(Japanese)
Haggis, PaulPaul Haggis
Yamashita, IrisIris Yamashita
United States Japanese
(some parts in English)
2006
(79th)
Pan's Labyrinth El laberinto del fauno Guillermo del Toro Spain
Mexico
Spanish

See also

Notes

A1 2 3 4 5 6 : The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film had not been created yet when this film received its nomination.
B^ : Shoe-Shine (1946) won a Special Award the same year because "the high quality of this motion picture, brought to eloquent life in a country scarred by war, is proof to the world that the creative spirit can triumph over adversity".
C^ : The Bicycle Thief (1948) won a Special Foreign Language Film Award the same year.
D^ : Rashomon (1950) won an Honorary Foreign Language Film Award the previous year.
E^ : Forbidden Games (1952) won an Honorary Foreign Language Film Award two years earlier.
F^ : Gate of Hell (1953) won an Honorary Foreign Language Film Award the same year.

Bad Notes

  1. ^ "Academy Awards History - Introduction". Filmsite.org. http://www.filmsite.org/oscars.html. Retrieved 2008-05-13. 
  2. ^ "History of the Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 2007-12-20. http://web.archive.org/web/20071220020230/http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/history01.html. Retrieved 2008-02-12. 
  3. ^ a b "Special Rules for the Best Foreign Language Film Award". 80th Academy Awards Rules for Distinguished Achievements in 2007. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013004220/http://www.oscars.org/80academyawards/rules/rule14.html. Retrieved 2007-11-02. 
  4. ^ "Record-Breaking 54 Countries in Competition for Oscar" (Press release). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2002-12-02. http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2002/02.12.02.html. Retrieved 2008-05-13. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t The film won the Best Foreign Language Film Award the same year.
  6. ^ a b c The film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Award the previous year.
  7. ^ a b c d Life Is Beautiful (1997) won the Best Foreign Language Film Award the same year. Roberto Benigni is one of only three performers to have directed themselves to an Acting Award (the other two being Charlie Chaplin and Laurence Olivier).
  8. ^ a b As an American movie, the film was ineligible for competition in the Foreign Language Film category.
  9. ^ "Special Rules for the Best Animated Feature Film Award". 80th Academy Awards Rules for Distinguished Achievements in 2007. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 2008-01-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080113142947/http://www.oscars.org/80academyawards/rules/rule07.html. Retrieved 2008-02-27. 
  10. ^ Persepolis was France's submission
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Award the same year.
  12. ^ a b c d controversy over Ran's non-submission
  13. ^ a b c City of God
  14. ^ a b c Ineligible, US film.
  15. ^ a b c Persepolis was selected instead
  16. ^ TV movie
  17. ^ Unsuccessfully submitted by China
  18. ^ a b Persepolis was chosen instead
  19. ^ Un prophète was chosen instead
  20. ^ La prima cosa bella was chosen instead
  21. ^ Nominated two years earlier.
  22. ^ Add explanation about change title in Fellini Satyricon
  23. ^ a b c d The film won the Best Foreign Language Film Award the previous year.
  24. ^ Won same year
  25. ^ Ineligible
  26. ^ "Ineligible"

References

General
Specific

External links